神经内科院内感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析神经内科患者医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性,为合理选择临床抗菌药物提供依据。方法 选取 2016 年5 月—2019年5 月滕州市中心人民医院神经内科院内感染患者202例,按照《全国临床检验操作规程》标准分离、鉴定细菌,用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,统计医院感染情况,并对分离病原菌的分布及耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果 神经内科院内感染以下呼吸道感染为主,占33.17%,其次为泌尿道和消化系统感染,占比为21.29%和13.86%;共分离病原菌268株,其中革兰阴性菌112株,占41.79%;真菌103株,占38.43%;革兰阳性菌53株,占19.78%。革兰阴性杆菌中大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮舒巴坦耐药率低于<15%,对哌拉西林和头孢噻肟耐药率>65%;产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌检出率为分别为37.50% 、34.62%、38.10%;金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林耐药率为91.30%,革兰阳性球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感。结论 神经内科院内感染分离病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对常用的抗菌药物耐药率高,应合理选用抗菌药物。     

Mock jurors’ awareness of age-related changes in memory and cognitive capacity

While age-related changes in memory have been well documented, findings about jurors’ perceptions of older witnesses are conflicting. We investigated the effect of victim age (25 vs. 75?years old) and crime severity (victim injured vs. not injured) on mock jurors’ decisions in a robbery trial. Jury-eligible participants (120 women; 84 men) read a mock trial summary and delivered their verdicts online. Mock jurors believed the young victim more than the older victim when the crime was severe, while no age differences emerged for the less severe crime. Whereas previous research demonstrated that juror characteristics were generally associated with culpability, we demonstrated that with case-specific information, these general views became less important. In all, mock jurors were aware of age-related decline in memory provided by eyewitnesses only to a limited extent. Accordingly, in trials involving older witnesses, jurors will benefit from educative information about age-related memory changes.     

International Hand Function Study Following Distal Radial Access: The RATATOUILLE Study

BackgroundDistal radial access (DRA) has been proposed to improve procedure ergonomics and favor radial artery patency. Although promising data, nothing is known on evolving hand function after DRA.ObjectivesThis study sought to comprehensively evaluate hand function in patients undergoing DRA.MethodsReal-world patients undergoing DRA undertook a thorough multimodality assessment of hand function implementing multidomain questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Levine-Katz), and motor (pinch grip test) and sensory (Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test) examinations of both hands. All assessments were performed at preprocedural baseline and planned at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (FU). Adverse clinical and procedural events were documented too.ResultsData of 313 patients (220 men, age 66 ± 10 years) from 9 international centers were analyzed. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and the Levine-Katz scores slightly improved from baseline to FU (P = 0.008 and P = 0.029, respectively). Pinch strength mildly improved from baseline to FU (P < 0.001 for both the left and right hands). Similarly, touch pressure threshold appeared to faintly improve in both the left and right hands (P < 0.012 for all the sites). For both motor and sensory function tests, comparable findings were found for the DRA hand and the contralateral one, with no significant differences between them. Repeated assessment of all tests over all FU time points similarly showed lack of worsening hand function. Access-related adverse events included 19 harmless bleedings and 3 forearm radial artery and 3 distal radial artery occlusions. None affected hand function at FU.ConclusionsIn a systematic multidimensional assessment, DRA was not associated with hand function impairment. Moreover, DRA emerges as a safe alternative vascular access.     

我国近代“西医东渐”研究的发展与热点分析

目的：分析我国期刊在“西医东渐”领域的重要研究方向及其研究热点与趋势。方法：应用文献计量学分析中国知网和万方数据收录的“西医东渐”文献,建立关键词共现矩阵，揭示领域研究热点。结果：截至检索时间，我国共发表“西医东渐”文献765篇，经历了缓慢进展、快速发展两个阶段，研究范围涉及医学史、宗教学、社会学等学科，形成了独特的研究视角以及稳定的核心作者群。结论：我国在“西医东渐”方的面研究经历了缓慢进展和快速发展两个阶段，医学史学术期刊是刊载“西医东渐”研究成果的主要刊物；引入西医后，我国的中医事业发展受到了一定影响和冲击。     

醒脑开窍针刺法治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效

目的:探究醒脑开窍针刺法对血管性痴呆(VD)患者的简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评分、Barthel指数及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月湖南省脑科医院收治的血管性痴呆患者共110例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组55例。对照组采用常规针刺疗法;观察组采用醒脑开窍针刺疗法,2组疗程均为4周。比较2组患者治疗后治疗有效率及治疗前后MMSE、Barthel指数及MMP水平。结果:观察组、对照组的治疗有效率分别为92.72%和78.18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者MMSE和Barthel指数均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的MMP-2和MMP-9值均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察者组患者的MMP-2和MMP-9低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:醒脑开窍针刺法对VD患者疗效显著,能够有效缓解痴呆症状。     

冰黄肤乐软膏中24种机元素含量测定及重金属限量标准的建立

目的:测定冰黄肤乐软膏中无机元素的含量，提出重金属元素的限量标准，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和中医临床用药安全提供参考。方法:通过采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法对冰黄肤乐软膏的无机元素进行测定和分析。结果:建立了冰黄肤乐软膏中24种无机元素的含量测定方法，精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收实验结果均符合药典相关规定。结论:建立的冰黄肤乐软膏无机元素检测方法可行，为冰黄肤乐软膏的质量标准的完善和临床用药安全提供参考。